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  • Semantics
    Semantics

    The latest edition of the bestselling introduction to the field of linguistic semantics, updated throughout and featuring a wholly new chapter on inferential pragmatics Semantics, Fifth Edition, is a comprehensive and well-balanced introduction to the study of the communication of meaning in language.Assuming no previous background in semantics and limited familiarity with formal linguistics, this student-friendly textbook describes the concepts, theory, and study of semantics in an accessible and clear style.Concise chapters describe the role of semantics within contemporary linguistics, cover key topics in the analysis of word and sentence meaning, and review major semantic theories such as componential theory, formal semantics, and cognitive semantics.The updated fifth edition incorporates recent theoretical developments and important research in linguistic semantics, featuring an entirely new chapter examining the overlap between inferential pragmatics and Relevance Theory, truth-conditional meaning, and other traditional areas of semantics.Revised and expanded sections discuss the continuing growth and consolidation of cognitive semantics, various contextual features of language, conceptualization and categorization, and construal and perspective.This edition includes new exercises with solutions, up-to-date references to relevant literature, and additional examples with data from a wide range of different languages.Covers basic concepts and methods as well as key theoretical models, current lines of research, and important writersExplains general concepts in semantics before gradually moving to more advanced topics in semantic description and theoretical approachesHighlights the relation between cross-linguistic variation and language universalsProvides students with the background necessary to understand more advanced and specialized primary semantics literatureIncludes a glossary of technical terms and numerous exercises arranged by level of difficulty Highlights the relationship between semantics and cross-linguistic variation, language universals, and pragmaticsWith detailed examples from a wide range of contexts and a wealth of practical exercises, Semantics, Fifth Edition, remains the perfect textbook for undergraduate students of linguistics, English language, applied linguistics, modern languages, and computer sciences.

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  • Understanding Semantics
    Understanding Semantics

    Understanding Semantics, Second Edition, provides an engaging and accessible introduction to linguistic semantics.The first part takes the reader through a step-by-step guide to the main phenomena and notions of semantics, covering levels and dimensions of meaning, ambiguity, meaning and context, logical relations and meaning relations, the basics of noun semantics, verb semantics and sentence semantics.The second part provides a critical introduction to the basic notions of the three major theoretical approaches to meaning: structuralism, cognitive semantics and formal semantics. Key features include:A consistent mentalist perspective on meaningBroad coverage of lexical and sentence semantics, including three new chapters discussing deixis, NP semantics, presuppositions, verb semantics and framesExamples from a wider range of languages that include German, Japanese, Spanish and Russian. Practical exercises on linguistic dataCompanion website including all figures and tables from the book, an online dictionary, answers to the exercises and useful links at routledge.com/cw/loebner This book is an essential resource for all undergraduate students studying semantics.Sebastian Löbner is a Professor of Linguistics at the Institute for Language and Information at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany

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  • Portfolio Management : Delivering on Strategy
    Portfolio Management : Delivering on Strategy

    Portfolio management is becoming the ‘must have’ for organizations to prosper and survive in this decade and beyond.No longer can the organizational focus be one of following best and repeatable practices as resource limitations mean only those programs, projects, and operational work that add business value can and should be pursued.Executives are focusing on strategic ability and managing complexity, which can only be done through a disciplined portfolio process in ensuring the best mix of programs, projects, and operational work is under way.In turn, the portfolio is constantly in flux as difficult decisions are made if a project, for example, is no longer contributing to business value and providing benefits and should be terminated to reallocate resources to one of higher priority.Commitment to this difficult approach is necessary at all levels, and communication is required so everyone knows how their work contributes to the organization’s strategic goals and objectives. Portfolio Management: Delivering on Strategy, Second Edition focuses on the benefits of portfolio management to the organization.Its goal is to provide senior executives a view on how portfolio management can deliver organizational strategy.The emphasis is on the specific aspects within the portfolio management discipline and how each aspect should be managed from a business perspective and not necessarily from a portfolio management perspective.Highlights of the book include:Agile portfolio management Delivering organizational value Portfolio management and uncertainty Portfolio governance Marketing a portfolio Portfolio management success Starting with a review of the project portfolio concept and its development, this book is a reference for executives and practitioners in the field, as well as a students and researchers studying portfolio management.

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  • Semantics as Science
    Semantics as Science


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  • Does anyone understand the semantics?

    Understanding the semantics of a language or a piece of text depends on the individual's knowledge and familiarity with the language and its context. Some people may understand the semantics easily if they are fluent in the language and have a good understanding of the cultural context. Others may struggle to understand the semantics if they are not familiar with the language or the specific context being discussed. It ultimately depends on the individual's language skills and background knowledge.

  • What does the term image semantics mean?

    Image semantics refers to the meaning or interpretation of an image, including the objects, actions, emotions, and concepts depicted within it. It involves understanding the visual content of an image and the message it conveys to the viewer. Image semantics can vary depending on cultural, social, and individual factors, influencing how people perceive and interpret visual information. It plays a crucial role in fields such as art, design, advertising, and communication, where conveying specific messages through images is essential.

  • What are examples of semantics and pragmatics?

    Examples of semantics include understanding the meaning of words and sentences, such as knowing that "dog" refers to a four-legged animal. Pragmatics, on the other hand, involves understanding language in context, such as knowing when it is appropriate to say "thank you" or how to interpret sarcasm. Both semantics and pragmatics play important roles in communication and language comprehension.

  • What is the difference between syntax and semantics?

    Syntax refers to the structure and rules that govern how words and symbols are combined to form valid expressions or statements in a language. It deals with the arrangement of words and symbols to create meaningful sentences. Semantics, on the other hand, is concerned with the meaning that is conveyed by those words and symbols. It focuses on the interpretation of the words and symbols in a given context to understand the intended message or information. In essence, syntax is about the form or structure of language, while semantics is about the meaning or interpretation of language.

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  • English Historical Semantics
    English Historical Semantics

    Providing an ideal introduction to historical semantics, this book offers graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in linguistics and English Language an accessible overview of the structural and cognitive approaches to English historical semantics.Focusing primarily on Lexical Semantics, the study of word meaning, the book looks at how these approaches help to answer two key questions in Historical Linguistics: how and why languages change.Considering changes both in the meanings of individual word forms and in larger areas of the lexicon, English Historical Semantics illustrates how data can be found and analysed, and explores how Lexical Semantics interacts with other areas of linguistics.In particular, the book describes in detail two of the most significant resources in this field: the Oxford English Dictionary and the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary.By using empirical data to study historical semantics, the book provides students with essential tools to investigate new words entering the language, and to study language change. With extended case studies including colour and kinship terms, suggestions for further reading, and exercises designed to stimulate reflection and test understanding, this textbook is an invaluable resource and practical guide designed to help students navigate this large and fascinating field.

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  • Syntax - Semantics Interface
    Syntax - Semantics Interface

    Syntax-Semantics Interface is a collection of papers written by leading Czech linguist Eva Hajicová between 1973 and 2014 that draw on the theoretical framework of the functional generative description proposed by Petr Sgall in the early 1960s and developed since.The book reflects Hajicová’s research contributions to four main domains: the specification of underlying (deep) sentence structure (analyzed in terms of dependency relations); the information structure of the sentence (topic-focus articulation) and its relation to the specification of presupposition and negation and to other related phenomena; the building of a scheme for an annotated corpus of Czech to serve, among other things, in the verification of theoretical linguistic claims; and some fundamental aspects of discourse structure, namely the concept of the hierarchy of elements in the stock of knowledge shared by speaker and hearer.Through new introductory statements, Hajicová also compares her original findings with current state-of-the-art of linguistic theory at home and abroad.

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  • A Course in Semantics
    A Course in Semantics

    An introductory text in linguistic semantics, uniquely balancing empirical coverage and formalism with development of intuition and methodology. This introductory textbook in linguistic semantics for undergraduates features a unique balance between empirical coverage and formalism on the one hand and development of intuition and methodology on the other.It will equip students to form intuitions about a set of data, explain how well an analysis of the data accords with their intuitions, and extend the analysis or seek an alternative.No prior knowledge of linguistics is required. After mastering the material, students will be able to tackle some of the most difficult questions in the field even if they have never taken a linguistics course before. After introducing such concepts as truth conditions and compositionality, the book presents a basic symbolic logic with negation, conjunction, and generalized quantifiers, to serve as the basis for translation throughout the book.It then develops a detailed compositional semantics, covering quantification (scope and binding), adverbial modification, relative clauses, event semantics, tense and aspect, as well as pragmatic phenomena, notably deictic pronouns and narrative progression. A Course in Semantics offers a large and diverse set of exercises, interspersed throughout the text; those labeled "Important practice and looking ahead" prepare students for material to come; those labeled "Thinking about " invite students to think beyond the content of the book.

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  • Meaning : Semantics, Pragmatics, Cognition
    Meaning : Semantics, Pragmatics, Cognition

    Meaning addresses the fundamental question of human language interaction: what it is to mean, and how we communicate our meanings to others.Experienced textbook writer and eminent researcher Betty J.Birner gives balanced coverage to semantics and pragmatics, emphasizing interactions between the two, and discusses other fields of language study such as syntax, neurology, philosophy of language, and artificial intelligence in terms of their interfaces with linguistic meaning. Comics and diagrams appear throughout to keep the reader engaged; and end-of-chapter quizzes, data-collection exercises, and opinion questions are employed along with more traditional exercises and discussion questions.In addition, the book features copious examples from real life and current events, along with boxes describing linguistic issues in the news and interesting and accessible research on topics like swearing, politics, and animal communication.Students will emerge ready for deeper study in semantics and pragmatics – and more importantly, with an understanding of how all of these fields serve the fundamental purpose of human language: the communication of meaning.Meaning is an ideal textbook for courses in linguistic meaning that focus on both semantics and pragmatics in equal parts, with special attention on philosophical questions, related subfields of linguistics, and interfaces among these various areas. Appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate-level courses in semantics, pragmatics, and general linguistics, Meaning is essential reading for all students of linguistic meaning.

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  • What is word comprehension in relation to semantics?

    Word comprehension in relation to semantics refers to the ability to understand the meaning of words within a language system. It involves recognizing the definitions, connotations, and associations of words, as well as understanding how they are used in different contexts. Word comprehension is essential for effective communication and language processing, as it allows individuals to accurately interpret and respond to verbal information.

  • What is the difference between semantics and syntax?

    Semantics refers to the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language, while syntax refers to the structure and arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences. In other words, semantics is concerned with the interpretation of language, while syntax is concerned with the rules and principles that govern the formation of grammatically correct sentences. Semantics deals with the relationship between words and their meanings, while syntax deals with the relationship between words and their order in a sentence.

  • What is the difference between semantics and word level?

    Semantics refers to the meaning or interpretation of words, phrases, or sentences in a language, while word level focuses specifically on the individual words themselves. Semantics deals with how words are used to convey meaning and the relationships between words in a sentence, while word level analysis may involve studying the structure, form, or properties of individual words. In essence, semantics is concerned with the broader context and interpretation of language, while word level analysis is more focused on the specific characteristics of individual words.

  • Can you give a brief explanation of syntax and semantics?

    Syntax refers to the structure and rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences in a language. It deals with the arrangement of words and the relationships between them. Semantics, on the other hand, is concerned with the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. It focuses on the interpretation of language and how words convey specific meanings in different contexts. In essence, syntax is about the form of language, while semantics is about the meaning.

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